
Under Virginia law, premeditation — a specific intent to kill or do great bodily harm — doesn’t have to exist for any set period of time. It may only exist for a split second. If that split-second thought is acted on, the death is first-degree murder. If there was no such specific thought, the death may be only second-degree murder. If he was acting out of fear, however misplaced, that denies the existence of “malice,” and the death is no more than manslaughter and the woundings become unlawful woundings and not malicious woundings. It is unlikely here that James Fields’ mental state would ever provide a complete defense, but that mental state could mean the difference between a life sentence and some combination of sentences that would allow Fields to get out of jail some day.